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Citation Burst

The beginning of a blue line depicts when an article is published. The beginning of  a red segment marks the beginning of a period of burst, whereas the end of the red segment marks the end of the burst period.

Burst Detection

A burst refers to a frequency surge of a particular type of events, for example, a surge of citations to a Nobel Prize winning publication. 
CiteSpace supports burst detection on several types of events:
  • Single or multi-word phrases from the title, abstract, or other parts of a publication
  • The number of citation counts of cited references over time
  • The frequencies of keyword appearances over time
  • The number of publications by an author, an institution, or a country
A detailed description of the original algorithm can be found in Kleinber's 2002 publication.
In CiteSpace, users may adjust the burst detection parameters in the Burstness tab in the Control Panel. For example, to find more items of burst, i.e. increase the sensitivity of the burst detection, reduce the gamma value. To reduce the number of items of burst to be identified, increase the minimum duration.
References
Kleinberg, J. Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2002), ACM Press, 2002, 91-101.