CiteSpace is made available in two versions: Basic (Free) and Advanced. The Basic version is free, whereas the Advanced version is available with a 1- or 2-year membership.
CiteSpace 提供免费版（基础版）和高级版。高级版需要1-或2-年有效的会员和电脑认证。免费版和高级版的区别见下表。

Free Version
The Free version （Basic) is a simplified but fully operational application for document co-citation analysis. If you are new to CiteSpace or just want to try out CiteSpace, this is a good starting point. The Basic version is completely free from citespace.podia.com. It has been drawn to my attention that some unauthorized websites sell Basic versions of CiteSpace. Please be aware.
免费版 （Basic 版）是一个简化版。适用于初学者，或者你只想初步了解一下CiteSpace。Basic 版可以从 citespace.podia.com 网站免费获取，但是注意有未经授权的网站出售Basic 版的 CiteSpace。

Advanced
The Advanced version contains more advanced visual analytic functions. It is more frequently updated. It is suitable for experienced users, especially for tracing the development of a research field of interest.
Here are some examples of advanced features:

• Visualization：Addditional layout views such as Circular View, Landscape View, Timezone View 

• Display: 3D Effects, SVG, Video Recording

• Node Type: terms, extracting noun phrases from titles and/or abstracts of bibliographic records. It is a valuable addition to enhance keywords provided by authors or keywords provided at the indexing stage.

• Analysis: Structural Variation Analysis (SVA). This is a predictive analysis to identify underdeveloped areas that may have a great potential of transformative growth.

• Analysis: Citation content analysis with three types of metrics of uncertainty.

• Data:/Import/Export: a MySQL database, CSV adaptor, Semantic Scholar Academic Graph, Cascading Citation Expansion

• Larger Networks: up to 100,000 nodes (Basic: 300 nodes)

高级版包含更深入的可视化和分析功能。其更新也更频繁及时。它适用于有经验的用户，尤其是对相关学术领域的追踪。
以下是一些高级功能的例子：
可视化：Addditional layout views such as Circular View, Landscape View, Timezone View
显示：3D 效果、SVG、视频录制
节点类型：段语，从文献记录的标题和/或摘要中提取名词短语。它是作者提供的关键字或在索引阶段提供的关键字的宝贵补充。
分析：结构变异分析（SVA）。这是一项预测分析，用于识别可能具有巨大潜力但是尚未充分开发的领域。
分析：使用三种类型的不确定性指标进行引文内容分析。
数据：/导入/导出：MySQL 数据库、CSV 适配器、Semantic Scholar学术图、级联引文扩展
网络上限：最多 100,000 个节点（免费版：300 个节点）

The Advanced version is available with a membership at three tiers: Standard, Intermediate, and Advanced.

Standard: 1 year on 1 computer.

Intermediate: 1 year on 2 computers.

Advanced: 2 years on 2 computers.

Activated computers are not transferable.

With a valid membership, you may download and use new versions as they become available at no additional cost.

高级版的获取和使用权限：标准,中级，或高级会员。标准会员(Standard) 在为期一年的有效期内在一台电脑上激活使用；中级会员（Intermediate）为一年2台电脑；高级会员 (Advanced)在为2年两台。
有效期之内，激活后的电脑上可以反复安装新版，次数不限，激活后的电脑本身不能转移。
Payment Methods (支付方式)

Credit cards, Alipay, WeChat Pay are accepted using the payment links below. A valid email address is required for you to receive instructions and for activation and validation purposes.

You will receive an email with confirmations and instructions after your payment. If you haven't received the email, please check your spam folder.

Standard: AliPay/WeChatPay

Intermediate: AliPay/WeChatPay

Advanced: AliPay/WeChatPay

支付方式
付款方式包括信用卡,微信或支付宝。付款过程中务必提供准确的邮箱地址，随后的激活验证都需要用到这个地址。

付款后相关注册链接及收据会送到你的邮箱。如果没有收到邮件，请检查你的垃圾邮件。

支付宝/微信付款链接
标准会员: AliPay/WeChatPay

中级会员: AliPay/WeChatPay
高级会员: AliPay/WeChatPay

特别提醒：除本网站之外，任何其它出售CiteSpace的网站均未经授权。注意辨别。

Register 注册
There are a few more steps you need to follow after a wechat pay or alipay. A special link will be emailed to you so that you can complete the registration process without any additional cost. The link will take you the product page. You should see "Free" next to a strikethrough on $. Then click on the "Buy Now" button to proceed free of charge.
用微信或支付宝付款后你会收到下一步的邮件以完成注册。整个过程不需要再付费。注意红色箭头所指处显示为 Free。再按Buy Now按钮继续即可。沿途不需再缴费。

Accept the terms of service and privacy policy (this is part of the podia website; it is not specifically to do with CiteSpace) to enable the Get now button. If the checkbox cannot be selected, remove the coupon code and enter it again manually.
下个页面如下图所示。核对一些右下角箭头所指处显示的是你的优惠码。选择 I accept the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy 以后， Get now 按钮会激活。继续即可。如果这时不能选择，按红色箭头所指处，点 Remove ，然后手动逐字打入你的优惠码。

If you can see the page below, you can proceed to download files. It is a good idea to download specific files you need rather than using the download button, which will download all the files altogether, which is usually unnecessary.
如果看到下面的页面，就可以下载文件了。注意：最快捷的办法是直接下载具体文件，而不是用download按钮一次下载所有文件。

Invoice 发票

Invoices can be issued with the following information: your institution name, its tax ID, your name, email address, and details of purchase. Please contact info.citespace@gmail.com

如果需要开具发票，请将下列信息提供给info.citespace@gmail.com

• 单位名称

• 税号

• 姓名

• 邮箱地址

• 付款金额，日期

You should only download CiteSpace and its updates from your own Podia account on citespace.podia.com.

Free versions are downloadable from https://sourceforge.net/projects/citespace/

Any other websites or online stores distributing CiteSpace are unauthorized.

Warning: Pirate copies from Taobao and other unauthorized websites have been tempered and they are highly risky.

注意只从你自己的Podia账号下载 CiteSpace 正版。任何其它渠道均未授权。
盗版软件是侵犯知识产权的违法行为。盗版软件可能而且已经发生被植入恶意软件，病毒等危险行为，对用户自己的电脑，个人隐私，及安全带来威胁。请大家务必注意以避免风险和损失。
实例如下，盗版软件删掉了用户电脑上的文件：

淘宝店销售盗版软件也触犯刑法
摘要：淘宝网店等销售盗版，未经著作权人许可，发行其软件作品，其行为均已构成侵犯著作权罪。

挖矿木马伪装成盗版软件攻击Mac电脑

摘要：很多用户存在一个误区：盗版软件经济实惠，用起来和正版软件没什么区别。实际上，这是用户在拿自己的电脑设备、个人隐私来冒险。盗版软件不但在产品功能和安全性、运行稳定性上低于正版软件，更有可能是承载恶意软件、病毒的主要介质。

谈谈盗版软件问题
摘要：盗版让我们有机会接触到更多更好的付费软件，但是也让程序员的劳动价值被轻易窃取，知识产权变成无稽之谈。

CiteSpace is actively maintained and constantly evolving. This has become a distinct character of CiteSpace and a long-lasting commitment to users in the CiteSpace community.

Major reasons and changes include:

• updates due to changes in third-part data formats

• optimizations to improve performance and user experience

• integrating new technologies such as GPT and Ollama to enhance the capabilities of CiteSpace

• bug fixes and upgrades to latest versions of Java

CiteSpace 一直在积极维护并不断发展。这已成为 CiteSpace 的独特的传统之一，也是对 CiteSpace 社区用户的长期承诺。

主要原因和变化包括：

• 新版有更强的数据识别和处理能力

• 由于第三方数据格式变更而进行的更新

• 性能优化以提升用户体验

• 集成新技术，如 GPT 和 Ollama，以增强 CiteSpace 的功能

• 根据用户的反馈以及各个数据输出格式的更新换代等

• 修复漏洞，以及升级到最新版本的 Java

• 以及提高安全保护以防范各种恶意盗版行为

总之，尽量以新版结果为主，可以参考 Summary Report 报告里的表格等辅助信息来帮助论文修改。

Compatibility

Use the Save Visualization function to store the current visualization so that you can open and edit it with more recent versions.

兼容性

建议用 Save Visualization 保存可视化结果，这样可以用更新后的版本打开原有的可视化文件。

In general, you should not store user files under the installation folder unless you backup your user files regularly, as they may be unintentionally removed by the uninstallation process.

用户自己的数据文件最好不要存在安装文件夹之内以避免今后卸载时误删数据文件。
As shown in the example below, when you select an existing folder test1 for the installation, the installer will remind you this is an existing folder. What it really means is this: everything in the test1 folder will be gone if one day you run the uninstall command. The good practice is: 1. always choose a new folder and 2. store your user files outside the installation folder. 3. if you really want to store your files under the installation folder, backup them elsewhere routinely.

Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Functions > CiteSpace (Uninstall)

注意：你指定的安装文件夹如果已经存在，安装是会保留现有文件（见下图）。但是，卸载时整个安装文件夹会被安装包删除。这是所有安装包的标准定义。所以最好不要在安装文件夹内存放新文件，至少要另做备份。
如下图所示，安装文件夹为 test1, 安装前内含 test2, test3, new1.txt （8:46 AM)。安装后 这些文件夹、文件仍然保留（8:48 AM)。但是卸载 （从control panel uninstall) 则会删除整个安装文件夹 test1。

Windows:
Click on the CiteSpace.exe file.
Do not click on CiteSpaceV.jar.

Mac:
Click on the CiteSpace app.

黑屏闪退

如果闪退，检查安装路径中是否包括中文字符，很多情况下将中文字符改为英文字母后可以解决。

PowerShell

CiteSpace 6.4.R2 requires PowerShell 5.1 or higher. Open a PowerShell window and check its version with the following command:

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

If its version is below 5.1, you need to upgrade it to 5.1.

CiteSpace 6.4.R2 需要PowerShell版本至少为 5.1。打开PowerShell窗口，用下面的命令检查你PowerShell的版本：

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

如果仍有问题，打开命令行窗口，找到CiteSpace的文件夹后，从命令行窗口里启动CiteSpace。将出错信息截图, 在 Podia 上的留言及评论区报告具体出错信息。

乱码，锟斤拷

系统编码不匹配。用户系统编码为936或其他编码，而CiteSpace使用UTF-8。

按下列步骤可以解决这类问题：

系统层面开启全局 UTF-8

1. 打开「控制面板 → 时钟和区域 → 区域 → 管理 → 更改系统区域设置」

2. 勾选“使用 Unicode UTF-8 提供全球语言支持（Beta）”

3. 重启电脑

这样 Windows 整个 ANSI 接口都使用UTF-8，与CiteSpace匹配。

You may set Region Settings as follows to use Unicode UTF-8 for worldwide language support. Go to Control Panel -> Clock and Region -> Region -> Administrative > Change system locale > Beta: Use Unicode UTF-8 for worldwide language support. Then restart your computer.

应用程序无法正常启动

If you encounter the following issue, check if you have Microsoft Visual C++ redistributable installed properly.

检查是否安装了 Microsoft Visual C++ 运行库

CiteSpace 的运行程序需要一些系统支持文件。如果您的电脑没有安装这些文件，会导致启动失败。

请按以下步骤操作：

1. 点击下面链接下载：
   https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe

2. 下载后双击安装（如果提示已有安装，可以点击“修复”）。

3. 安装完成后，重新启动电脑。

4. 再次尝试运行 CiteSpace。

Spelling
Make sure your email address is entered correctly. It is case sensitive.
拼写
正确输入邮箱地址。注意区分大小写。

Network Connection
Make sure your network connection is stable. You can try it later or use a different method to connect, e.g., using your cellphone's hotspot.
联网状态
确保您的网络连接稳定。您可以稍后尝试或使用其他方法进行连接，例如使用手机热点。

Missing Components:
Add the following line to the Path Environment Variable under your System Variables. Then restart your computer.
%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem

缺少路径：
将以下行添加到系统变量下的路径环境变量 Path 中。然后重新启动计算机。
%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem

Windows 11:
If the Smart App Control on Windows 11 is on and it blocks part of WMIC, which is required for the validation process, consider turn off the Smart App Control to solve the problem, but bear in mind that you will have to reinstall Windows if you want to turn it on again.

如果Smart App Control on Windows 11 屏蔽验证过程所需步骤，关闭Smart App Control可以解决这个问题。注意，如果要重新打开Smart App Control, 只能重装Windows才行。

You may need to manually add WMIC as an optional feature as an administrator.
In Powershell, type the following command:
DISM /Online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:WMIC~~~~
See here for more details.

您可能需要以管理员身份手动添加可选功能。
在 Powershell 中，键入以下命令：
DISM /Online /Add-Capability /CapabilityName:WMIC~~~~
请参靠详细信息。

You may optimize the performance of CiteSpace by modifying the configuration settings in the CiteSpace.cfg file. For example, you may allocate more RAM. See also 4.6 for high-resolution scaling.

CiteSpace.cfg 系统设置文件
Windows
If CiteSpace is installed at C:/Program Files/CiteSpace/.
The CiteSpace.cfg file is in the app folder. You can edit it with a text editor. When you save it, make sure to keep .cfg as its file extension.

Windows
如果 CiteSpace 安装在 C:/Program Files/CiteSpace/。
CiteSpace.cfg文件在文件夹 app 里。该文件可用文本编辑器修改。

Mac
Locate the CiteSpace.cfg file on Mac as follows: right-click on the CiteSpace application, follow Show Package Contents > Contents > app > CiteSpace.cfg

右键点击 CiteSpace application, 沿着这个路径： Show Package Contents > app > CiteSpace.cfg.

Memory 内存
Modify the following line in the CiteSpace.cfg. You may increase or decrease the maximum RAM, e.g., 32g or 2g,  according to the actual RAM on your computer from the default 4g (4GB of RAM).
java-options=-Xmx4g

If you use a high-resolution display, e.g., a high definition computer monitor, and you are experiencing some of the following issues, you can fix them by the following settings accordingly.

• The GUIs of CiteSpace are too small.

• Mouse pointers and node positions are misaligned or mismatched.

Set High DPI Scaling Setting

1. Right-click on the CiteSpace application, i.e., CiteSpace.exe

2. CiteSpace Properties

3. Compatibility

4. Change high DPI settings

5. High DPI scaling override

6. System (Enhanced)

If the issue is resolved, skip the steps below. Otherwise, keep reading.

Misalignment

If you click on a node, but miss the target, you may have a misalignment issue. You need to set your system DPI/scaling to 100% (96 DPI).

On Windows

1. Right-click on your desktop → select Display settings.

2. Scroll to Scale and layout.

3. Set "Scale" to 100% (Recommended).

4. Log out or reboot if needed (some DPI settings cache).

For legacy versions in a Jar file,

java-options=-Dsun.java2d.uiScale=1.0

Enlarge the size of text and apps

1. Windows Settings

2. System

3. Display

4. Scale and layout

5. Change the size of text, apps, and other items: 125% for example

You may also select the following setting.

CNKI data format does not include cited references. It means the data is insufficient for a document co-citation, although you can generate a network of cooccurring keywords.
CNKI 数据格式不包括引用的参考文献。这意味着数据不足以用于文档共引，尽管您可以生成一个共现关键字网络。

The format of a CNKI record:

RT Journal Article
SR 1
A1 瞿媚;赵璟;
AD 西南林业大学经济管理学院;
T1 心理契约维度与企业员工离职关系研究
JF 中国林业经济
YR 2012
IS 05
OP 57-61
K1 心理契约;心理契约维度;员工满意度;离职倾向
 psychological contract;psychological contract dimension;employee satisfaction;turnover intention

AB 对于企业员工来说,他们工作的有效性、工作满足感的程度,以及能否一直对企业保持责任感、忠诚心,主要取决于双方心理契约的实现过程。从心理契约组织责任与员工责任维度来探讨心理契约与企业员工离职之间的关系,了解心理契约各个维度及工作满意度对离职倾向的影响程度。引入心理契约的相关理论,通过设计有针对性的调查问卷,提出假设,进行实证研究验证假设:心理契约中组织及员工的责任各维度对员工满意度存在正向影响,对员工离职意向具有负向影响。根据实证研究结果,提出了构建企业与员工良好心理契约关系的具体措施,为企业人力资源管理的实际工作提供一定的指导。
SN 1673-5919
CN 23-1539/F
LA 中文;
DS CNKI
DO 10.13691/j.cnki.cn23-1539/f.2012.05.017

This format needs to be converted before you can use it with CiteSpace. Note that it is quite common to find ill-formatted data in CNKI. CiteSpace will report the name of the file and the line number and a copy of the line when it encounters an unexpected format. You may have to make corrections manually.
这种格式需要先转换，然后才能与 CiteSpace 一起使用。请注意，在 CNKI 中发现格式错误的数据是很常见的。 CiteSpace 在遇到非预期的格式时会报告文件名和行号以及行的副本。您可能需要手动进行更正。
如果出现乱码，检查下面提示的utf-8等步骤：

Here are a few examples reported by CiteSpace:
Unexpected format: line 8009 in CNKI-4.txt
 line 8009: A1 张一弛,李书玲,刘鹏,邓建修
The expected A1 field contains author names, separated by ';', but in this case, they are separated by ','.
Here is another example:
A1 Balogun,, Anthony G.;;Adetula, Gabriel A.;;Olowodunoye, Stella, A.
Not only authors are separated by two ';'s, the same author's last name is separated from the first name by two ','s. Furthermore, the last author's last name is separated from the rest of it with a comma, but there is an extra comma between the first name and the initial. These are just a few examples of problematically formatted CNKI data that users will have to deal with before they can run CiteSpace such datasets.

以下是 CiteSpace 报道的几个例子：
Unexpected format: line 8009 in CNKI-4.txt
line 8009: A1 张一弛,李书玲,刘鹏,邓建修
预期的 A1 字段包含作者姓名，以“;”分隔，但在本例中，它们以“,”分隔。

这是另一个例子：
A1 Balogun,, Anthony G.;;Adetula, Gabriel A.;;Olowodunoye, Stella, A.

不仅作者由两个“;”分隔，同一作者的姓氏与名字也由两个“,”分隔。此外，最后一位作者的姓氏与其余部分用逗号分隔，但名字和首字母之间又有一个额外的逗号。这些仅仅是几个例子，类似的格式问题在 CNKI 数据里很常见，用户在使用 CiteSpace 之前必须处理好这些问题。

Here is a step-by-step guide for handling CNKI data with CiteSpace.
In a nutshell, search in CNKI and export the results in the Refworks format. Then use CiteSpace to convert the Refworks files. 
When you set up a project with CNKI data, check the radio button for CNKI as the data source.
To construct a keyword network, consider to use PMI as well as cosine as the link selection criteria. You may also consider using MST as one of the pruning methods to reduce the number of links further.
这是使用 CiteSpace 处理 CNKI 数据的分步指南。
一言以蔽之，在知网中搜索，将结果导出为Refworks格式。然后使用 CiteSpace 转换 Refworks 文件。
当您使用 CNKI 数据设置项目时，选中 CNKI 作为数据源的单选按钮。
要构建关键字网络，可以考虑使用 PMI 以及余弦作为链接选择标准。您也可以考虑使用 MST 作为修剪方法之一，以进一步减少链接数。

Data files downloaded from Scopus need to be converted in CiteSpace before you can use them.
An uncommon but hard to detect issue is the encoding of your data files. The encoding should be pure utf-8. However, if your data file has the utf8 BOM encoding, which includes invisible utf chars () at the beginning of the file, it will mess up the conversion. This is easy to fix it by opening the file with notepadd++ and select utf-8 from the Encoding menu and save the file.
From 6.2.R6 (Advanced), you can run the conversion from Scopus CSV exports directly without worrying about the BOM encoding as the converter takes care of it.

Currently, it is recommended to use the CSV as the export format from Scopus due to issues with RIS exports from Scopus, especially in terms of missing references.

11. Interaction

12. Post-processing

13. Resources

14. References

1. Right click on node A, select the node A as the primary alias.
2. Right click on node B, select the node B as the secondary alias.
3. Repeat these steps for other pairs you would like to merge or change.
4. Re-run the process GO!

• Chen, C. et al. (2010) The structure and dynamics of co-citation clusters: A multiple-perspective co-citation analysis. JASIST, 61(7), 1386-1409.
• Chen, C. (2006) CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. JASIST, 57(3), 359-377.
• Chen, C. (2004) Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive Knowledge Domain Visualization. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 101(Suppl.), 5303-5310.

• Chen, C. (2020) A Glimpse of the First Eight Months of the COVID-19 Literature on Microsoft Academic Graph: Themes, Citation Contexts, and Uncertainties. Front. Res. Metr. Anal. 5:607286. 
• Chen, C., Song, M. (2019) Visualizing a field of research: A methodology of systematic scientometric reviews. PLoS ONE, 14(10):e0223994. 
• Chen, C. （2012）Predictive effects of structural variation on citation counts. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 63 (3） 431-449.

• Chen, C. (2017) Science mapping: A systematic review of the literature. JDIS, 2(2), 1-40. 
• C Chen, Z Hu, S Liu, H Tseng (2012)
• Emerging trends in regenerative medicine: a scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 12 (5), 593-608.

• Chen, C. How to Use CiteSpace.
• Chen, C. (2016) CiteSpace: A Practical Guide for Mapping Scientific Literature. Nova Science Publishers.